‚EXTE Environmental Impacts of Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems for Reduction of SOx on Ships — Analysis of status quo 
Report compiled within the framework of the project ImpEx 
Research 
studv 
PEC 
(estimated or 
modelled dilution) 
PNEC | PEC/PNEC | Conclusions of the studies 
{required dilution) 
MIT 
Steady-state 
concentrations 
‚esulted from near- 
field dispersion 
modelling in busy 
open waters and 
cumulative 
2quilibrium 
concentrations from 
far-field dispersion 
modelling in 
enclosed waters. 
Based on the results of 
MLIT (2018) and Koski 
et al. (2017): 
2x10* 
Near-field: 
<1 
(with values 
>1 from 
sensitivity 
analysis‘ 
Car-field: >1 
It is a plausible hypothesis 
that there is no likely risk of 
acute toxicity effects from 
short-term exposure in target 
organisms. However, for 
higher traffic zones, bays and 
ports, the study points to the 
likelihood that the presumed 
safe concentration threshold 
may be exceeded, indicating a 
clear cause for ecological 
concern. 
Any short- or long- term 
effects on marine organisms 
cannot be caused by the use 
of OL-EGCS. The risks for both 
the marine environment and 
the marine aquatic organisms 
| are in the acceptable range. 
Sources: CE Delft, Faber et al. (2019); IVL, Magnusson et al. (2018); Marena, Behrends {in preparation); MIT, Kasseris et al. 
(2020); MLIT, MLIT (2018). 
Legends: PEC, Predicted Environmental Concentration; PNEC, Predicted No-Effect Concentration; MAC-EQS, Maximum 
Allowable-Environmental Quality Standard; AA-EQS, Annual Average-Environmental Quality Standard. Limit values are 
based in a specific flowrate of 44 m?/MWh. 
ij) 291 washwater samples from 53 different ships (Carnival Corp. & plc and DNV GL, 2019). See chapter 7.1. 
ii) _Regarded substances included cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, 
senzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, fluoranthene and naphthalene. 
Zefers to fluoranthene, which resulted with the highest single pollutant quotient: modelled mean equilibrium 
zoncentration as a percentage of the 2021 allowable annual average concentration as laid down in Directive 
2013/39/EU for Inland Surface Waters. See Figure 25 in Faber et al. (2019). 
As proposed by a scientific advisory panel set out to assist the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation 
affect of discharges of wastewater from cruise ships (Loehr et al. 2003). 
The additive toxicity approach was used by adding the risk factors of the single PAHs and metals including dissolved, 
suspended and sedimentation risk factors. The calculations were done for two harbours: GESAMP BW harbour (lower 
risk value) and Baltic harbour (higher risk value). 
Anıl 
Dilution factors 
resulted from a 
numerical fluid 
simulation. 
After 1 min: 2 x 10“ 
After 2 min: 1 x 10* 
= 
7.4 General observations from the review of research studies 
7.4.1 Sampling campaigns and sampling procedures 
Based on the results of the abovementioned studies the following general observations and 
conclusions can be stated regarding sampling campaigns and sampling procedures: 
Different types of ships have been sampled, especially a higher number of RoRo/RoPax 
vessels and cruise ships in the Baltic and North Sea region. These ship types started to apply 
EGCS for compliance with the (S)ECA requirements. 
Sampling campaigns may face many logistic and organizational challenges for taking 
samples under the desired operation conditions and for delivering them on time. 
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