TEXTE Environmental Impacts of Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems for Reduction of SOx on Ships — Analysis of status quo 
Report compiled within the framework of the project ImpEx 
Figure 6: Energy use and projected fuel mix 2018 — 2050 for the simulated IMO ambitions 
pathway with main focus on design requirements 
Units: EJ/yr 
LSFO or MGO 
a LPG 
LING 
Liquefied 
methane 
(bio/electro) 
7 Hydrogen 
HFO and serubber 
Electricity from 
grid 
Ammonia 
Advanced 
biodiesel 
2030 2035 
EJ/yr, exajoules per year; LSFO, low-sulphur fuel oil; MGO, marine gas oil; LPG, liquefied petroleum gas; LNG, liquefied 
natural gas; HFO, heavy fuel oil; Advanced biodiesel, produced by advanced processes from non-food feedstocks. 
Source: DNV GL (2019b). 
2020 
2025 
2040 2045 
2050 
26