Environmental Science & Technology 
(60) Vanavermaete, D.; Hostens, K.; Le, H. M.; Lessuise, A.; Ruttens, 
A.; Waegeneers, N.; De Witte, B. Short-and long-term assessment of 
PAH, PCB, and metal contamination in the Belgian part of the North 
Sea. Chemosphere 2023, 310, No. 136905. 
(61) Plenker, D.; van den Meiracker, R.; Pans, S.; Roex, E.Overview of 
hazardous substances potentially emitted from offshore industries to the 
marine environment-Part 1: Emissions from offshore wind industry61; 
Deltares Final report, 202441. 
(62) De Maersschalck, V.; Hostens, K.; Wittoeck, J.; Cooreman, K.; 
Vincx, M.; Degraer, S. Monitoring van de effecten van het Thornton 
windmolenpark op de benthische macro-invertebraten en de visfauna van 
zachte substraten-Referentietoestand, Rapport ILVO-Visserij/Monitor 
ing/2006—01, 2006. 
(63) Breine, N. T.; De Backer, A.; Van Colen, C.; Moens, T.; Hostens, 
K.; Van Hoey, G. Structural and functional diversity of soft-bottom 
nacrobenthic communities in the Southern North Sea. Estuarine, 
Zoastal Shelf Sci. 2018, 214, 173—184. 
(64) Maar, M.; Bolding, K.; Petersen, J. K.; Hansen, J. L.; 
Timmermann, K. Local effects of blue mussels around turbine 
foundations in an ecosystem model of Nysted off-shore wind farm, 
Denmark. J. Sea Res. 2009, 62 (2-3), 159-174. 
(65) Degraer, S.; Carey, D. A.; Coolen, J. W.; Hutchison, Z. L.; 
Kerckhof, F.; Rumes, B.; Vanaverbeke, J. Offshore wind farm artificial 
reefs affect ecosystem structure and functioning. Oceanography 2020, 
33 (4), 48-57. 
(66) Coates, D. A.; Deschutter, Y.; Vincx, M.; Vanaverbeke, J. 
Enrichment and shifts in macrobenthic assemblages in an offshore wind 
‘arm area in the Belgian part of the North Sea. Mar. Environ. Res. 2014, 
95, 1-12. 
(67) Mavraki, N.; Coolen, J. W.; Kapasakali, D.-A.; Degraer, S.; 
Vanaverbeke, J.; Beermann, J. Small suspension-feeding amphipods 
play a pivotal role in carbon dynamics around offshore man-made 
structures. Mar. Environ. Res. 2022, 178, No. 105664. 
(68) Alter, K.; Ndugwa, M.; de la Barra, P.; Bervoets, L.; De Boeck, G.; 
Booth, A. M.; Sorensen, L. Effects of chemical leachates from offshore 
wind farm infrastructure on heart rate and valve gape of blue mussels. 
Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2025, 220, No. 118346. 
(69) JPI Oceans. Policy paper knowledge hub on the integrated 
assessment of chemical contaminants and their effects on the marine 
environment 2021. 
(70) Yulikayani, P. Y.; De Witte, B.; Ali, A.; Barber, J.; Bellas, J.; Briant, 
N.; Brooks, S.; Bruvold, A. S.; French, M. A; Hylland, K.; et al. 
CONTRAST prioritisation tool: filtering and ranking contaminants of 
emerging concern in the marine environment using hazard-based 
approaches. Environ. Sci. Eur. 2025, 37 (1), No. 203. 
pubs.acs.org/est 
NEL 
EB 
v 
4 En 
im od On 
JR TTS 
z = 
SHAPING TOMOMROB 
ME EEE RC N Al 
Wi Ca 27" YOPI es Sea EAN POT O]01n EP SP CIE 
Ialaal ET YA pl, a and nOovation. 
Subscribe today 
a0 
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c17939 
Environ. Sci. Technol. XXXX, XXX, XXX—XXX