jan Leeuwen et al. 
A 
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5% 
2 
ä 
E 
3 
3 
Current State, CWMTI: Channel well mixed tidal influenced 
u 2007 
Current State, CWMTI: Channel! well mixed tidal influencead 
4RSN4* 4RATARA 4904458 
+ 
10.3389/fmars.2023.1129951 
B 
Current State, CWMTI: Channel well mixed tidal influenced 
1 
14: 
13 
Inn 
# observations 
Ibservations 
JEFAS 
+ Deltares 
IFREMER 
RC 
Ildenburg 
RBINS 
a SMHI 
A UHH-HZG 
‚Jbservations 
2009-2014 mean 
Model mean ! 
Model Weiaghted Mean 
-IGURE 5 
Annual results per model for area Channel Well Mixed Tidal Influenced (CWMTI, area 18): (A) DIN, (B) DIP and (C) Chl. The grey bars denote the 
>bservational values per vear, including their standard deviation. Note the low number of observations for DIN and DIP 
Supplementary Figures 9-15). Chl results show both large over- and 
underestimations. Note that the observational mean over 2009- 
2014 for an area may be biased towards the coast and fair-weather 
conditions. Limited numbers of observations per year can also 
introduce bias for individual areas, e.g. by missing 
concentration peaks. 
indicators are found in the Scheldt plume (SCHPMI1, SCHPM2), 
Meuse plume (MPM), Rhine plume (RHPM), and Seine plume 
(SPM), and to a lesser extent in the Elbe plume (ELPM). The 
weighted ensemble approach is thus capable of simulating known 
coastal gradients. 
3.3 Pre-eutrophic state 
3.2 Current state 
The horizontal distribution of the weighted ensemble results for 
che present day for surface winter DIN, DIP and growing season 
Chl are displayed in Figure 7. High concentrations are found for all 
hree variables in near-coastal and river plume areas, and in the 
Southern Bight of the North Sea. Highest concentrations for these 
Current State, SNS: Southern North Sea 
8 - 85 57 
zurrent State, SNS: Southern North Sea 
STOMBS SAND  SREFOSE  SARFUN 
The horizontal distribution of the weighted ensemble results for 
the pre-eutrophic state (or HS) for surface winter DIN, DIP and 
growing season Chl are presented in Figure 8 and as a table in 
Appendix G (Supplementary Materials). Offshore results are similar 
to the current state results, but coastal areas (typically influenced by 
rivers) show consistent lower concentrations for all parameters. 
3 
Current State, SNS: Southern North Sec 
| [5 
2010 
} 
Ih 
„A 
1 
IM 
+ observations 
Jbservations 
°EFAS 
deltares 
FREMER 
RC 
Ildenburg 
ZBINS 
ar SMHI 
JHH-HZG ' 
a Observations 
2009-2014 mean 
Model mean 
Model Weighted Mean 
Wi 
* 
:IGURE 6 
Annual results per model for area Southern North Sea (SNS, area 11): (A) DIN, (B) DIP and (C) Chl. The grey bars denote the observational values per 
year, including their standard deviation. The scale of subfigure B has been adjusted to show the individual results better: the DIP observational 
standard deviation for years 2010, 2011, 2012 was 1.38, 8.94 and 3.45 respectively. 
"rontiers in Marine Science 
frontiersin.org