159 Five ships were selected for this study that are typical for the traffic calling the Port of 
160 Hamburg. The five vessels of the study travel close to the MS during the same hour on a specific 
161 day. The vessels considered comprised three container ships, a hopper dredger, and a barge ship. 
162 Some of the basic design characteristics are given in Table 1. The funnel height in Table 1 
163 corresponds to the distance between the funnel exhaust and the sea water levels, assuming a typical 
164 draft. The examined vessels were designed in 1:1 scale in the 3D computer-aided design software. 
165 Autodesk Inventor, as simplified versions of the real models, considering all the geometry parts, 
166 such as funnel, stern, forward, deck and accommodation, to be later introduced in the CFD model. 
167 The simplification design was performed on the scale of 0.4 m for the funnel and 5 m for the rest 
168 ofthe vessel. 
169 The ship’s direction is known by the conversion of the AIS location points from the 
170 geographic coordinate system to the cartesian coordinate system. For the given MS, the vessel 
171 Mmoves in a straight line along the Elbe River. The estimation of the Mean Horizontal Distance 
172 (MHD) between the MS and the moving ship on the water surface level, was conducted and 
173 included in Table 1. 
174 
175 
Table 1: Ship types and their design characteristics considering geometry and funnel (Taken from FleetMon’s public data). The 
MHD is, also, included. 
Ship 
Number 
Ship Type 
Length 
(m) 
Width 
(m) 
Draft 
(m) 
No of 
Funnels 
Funnel 
Diameter 
(m) 
Funnel 
Height 
(m) 
MHD 
(m) 
Ship1 | Container | 
Barge 
166 
=“ 
170 
135 
26 | 87 | 
30 | 85 | 
25 | 84 
30 | 103 | 
13 
1 
12 
7 
475 | 
375 | 
269 
417 
293 
1 
1 
1 
40.5 
2 
21 
2306 
97 
| 3 
2229 
"04 
ı 5 
186 
L76 
177 
178 
179 
180 
181 
182 
183 
184 
185 
186 
This study uses the fuel sulphur content (FSC [% m/m]) derived from the measured SO2 
CO: ratio as an input and calculates the concentrations at the measurement station expected from 
plume dispersion. The determined FSC values, according to the MS, for Ship 1, 2, 3 and 4 are 
presented in Table 2. The FSC for Ship 5 was found to be below the detection limit and, therefore, 
no information is presented on Table 2. For estimating the species concentration at the funnel 
outlet, the fuel is considered to be of distillate grade with 86.5% m/m fuel carbon content (FCC) 
and a lower heating value (LHV) of 43.4 MJ/kg, for all ships (Grigoriadis et al., 2021a). Fuel 
hydrogen content (FHC) is found by subtraction of FSC and FCC from the total fuel mass 
(Korczewski, 2021; Zhou et al., 2019). Then, the concentration of species at the funnel for each 
ship is estimated by use of the combustion stoichiometry equation. 
187 The estimated concentration values for SO2 and CO», considering the boundary conditions 
188 atthe exit of the funnel, are presented in the last two columns of Table 2. SO2 concentration for