cCMB FUTURE SCIENCE BRIEF 
McQueen, A. D., Suedel, B. C., de Jong, C., & Thomsen, F. (2020). Ecological Risk Assessment of Underwater Sounds from Dredging Operations. 
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 16(4), 481-493. https:/doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4261 
Merchant, N. D. (2019). Underwater noise abatement: economic factors and policy options. Environmental Science & Policy, 92, 116-123. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.11.014 
Merchant, N. D., Andersson, M. H., Box, T., Le Courtois, F, Cronin, D., Holdsworth, N., ... Tougaard, J. (2020). Impulsive noise pollution in the 
Northeast Atlantic: Reported activity during 2015-2017. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110951 
Merchant, N. D., Brookes, K. L., Faulkner, R. C., Bicknell, A. W. J., Godley, B. J., & Witt, M. J. (2016). Underwater noise levels in UK waters. 
Scientific Reports, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36942 
Merchant, Nathan D., & Robinson, S. P. (2020). Abatement of underwater noise pollution from pile-driving and explosions in UK waters. In 
Report of the UKAN workshop held on Tuesday 12 November 2019 at The Royal Society, London. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11815449 
Miksis, J. L., Grund, M. D., Nowacek, D. P., Solow, A. R., Connor, R. C., & Tyack, P. L. (2001). Cardiac responses to acoustic playback experiments 
in the captive bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115(3), 227-232. https:/doi.org/10.1037/0735 
7036.115.3.227 
Miller, P. J. O., Antunes, R. N., Wensveen, P. J., Samarra, F. I. P., Alves, A. C., & Tyack, P. L. (2014). Dose-response relationships for 
the onset of avoidance of sonar by free-ranging killer whales. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 135, 975-993. 
https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4861346 
Moretti, D., Thomas, L., Marques, T., Harwood, J., Dilley, A., Neales, B., ... Morrissey, R. (2014). A Risk Function for Behavioral Disruption of 
Blainville’s Beaked Whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) from Mid-Frequency Active Sonar. PLoS ONE, 91). https:/doi.org/10.1371/journal. 
pone.0085064 
Mortensen, L. O., Chudzinska, M. E., Slabbekoorn, H., & Thomsen, F. (2021). Agent-based models to investigate sound impact on marine 
animals: bridging the gap between effects on individual behaviour and population level consequences. Oikos. https://doi.org/10.1111/ 
alk.08078 
Morton, A. B., & Symonds, H. K. (2002). Displacement of Orcinus orca (L.) by high amplitude sound in British Columbia, Canada. /CES Journal 
of Marine Science, 59(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2001.1136 
Mueller-Blenkle, C., McGregor, P.K., Gill, A. B., Andersson, M. H., Metcalfe, J., Bendall, V., ... Thomsen, F. (2010). Effects of Pile-Driving Noise on 
the Behaviour of Marine Fish. In COWRIE Ref: Fish 06-08 / Cefas Ref: C3371 Technical Report. Retrieved from Published by Cefas on behalf of 
COWRIE Ltd. website: https://tethys.pnnl.gov/sites /default /files /publications/Mueller-Benkle_et_al_2010.pdf 
Murchy, K. A., Davies, H., Shafer, H., Cox, K., Nikolich, K., & Juanes, F. (2020). Impacts of noise on the behavior and physiology of marine 
invertebrates: A meta-analysis. Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, 37(1). https:/dol.org/10.1121/2.0001217 
Nachtigall, P. E., & Supin, A. Y. (2014). Conditioned hearing sensitivity reduction in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of 
Experimental Biology, 217, 2806-2813. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.104091 
NATO. (2018). Code of Conduct for the Use of Active Sonar to Ensure the Protection of Marine Mammals within the Framework of Alliance 
Maritime Activities. In MC 0547/2. 
NMFS. (2018). 2018 Revision to Technical Guidance for Assessing Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammal Hearing: Underwater 
Ihresholds for Onset of Permanent and Temporary Threshold Shifts. In Technical Memorandum NMFS-OPR-59. Retrieved from U.S. Dept. 
of Commer., NOAA website: https:/www.fisheries.noaa.gov/resource/document/technical-guidance-assessing-effects-anthropogenic- 
sound-marine-mammal-hearing 
Nowacek, D. P,, Clark, C. W., Mann, D., Miller, P.J. O., Rosenbaum, H. C., Golden, J. S., ... Southall, B. L. (2015). Marine seismic surveys and ocean 
noise: time for coordinated and prudent planning. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 13(7), 378-386. https://doi.org/10.1890/130286 
NRC. (2005). Marine Mammal Populations and Ocean Noise: Determining When Noise Causes Biologically Significant Effects. Retrieved from 
National Research Council - The National Academies Press website: https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1434/ML14345A574.pdf 
Nummela, S. (2009). Hearing. In William F. Perrin, B. Wursig, & J. G. M. Thewissen (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (2"* Edition, 
pp. 553-562). https:/doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373553-9.00129-2