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If one of these requirements is not met, IWC in the Baltic Sea Region should not be permitted, as 
the concomitant environmental risk cannot be reliably assessed. 
3.2 Documentation 
Performance Monitoring 
Performance monitoring works by regular monitoring factors that possibly affect the performance 
of the fleet, for example, fuel consumption, trim, speed, hull and propeller conditions and etc. 
Measurements of fuel consumption at a certain speed and weather conditions (currents, tides, 
winds) can give some indication of biofouling on the ship. When the demand in power and fuel 
consumption increases to keep speed constant, inspection is advisable. 
There are standards by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) about “Ships and 
marine technology- Measurements of changes in hull and propeller performance” (1SO/DIS 19030- 
1, -2, -3) that ship owners can use as assistance (Georgiades et al. 2018). 
Biofouling Management Plan (BFMP) 
For documentation, the MEPC of the IMO recommends in their Biofouling Guidelines a ship- 
specific Biofouling Management Plan (BFMP) that contains biofouling management procedures 
integrated in the ship’s maintenance system (MEPC 2011). The format and content of the BFMP 
is to find here: IMO Biofouling Guidelines - Biofouling Management Plan, Annex 1 and currently 
under revision. It includes the ship’s individual information and descriptions of the AFS, operating 
profile and areas on the ship susceptible to biofouling (e.g. niche areas) as well as a Biofouling 
Management Action Plan (BMAP). Moreover, the BFMP should contain information on the 
operation and maintenance of the AFS, aspects concerning the crew, disposal of biological waste 
and recording requirements (MEPC 2011). 
Biofouling Record Book (BFRB) 
In addition to the BFMP, a form for a Biofouling Record Book (BFRB) can be found here: IMO 
Biofouling Guidelines_- Biofouling Record _Book, Annex 2. This form deals with information 
regarding dry-docking, inspection, cleaning, MGPS, idle time, exceptional operations, biofouling 
risk and additional observations. The BFRB assists the shipowner and operator to evaluate the 
efficacy of the applied AFS and operational practices on the ship in particular, and of the biofouling 
management plan in general. The record book could also assist interested State authorities to 
quickly and efficiently assess the conducted management measures and the potential biofouling 
risk of the ship. (MEPC 2011). 
To assess the risk of IWC, it is assumed that the information complied in those two documents 
are provided in advance and kept on board or recorded by digital systems. The development of a 
BFMP and a BFRB is, like the IMO Biofouling Guidelines, voluntary. 
3.3Niche areas 
While the hull can usually be cleaned by divers or remotely operated vehicles (ROV) that can 
clean large flat areas, it is not always possible to use the same piece of equipment for all niche