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Figure 14. Loess deposition periods (indicated by vertical yellow bars) in the upper Tagus Basin and related proxy-information from the past 
„20 ka compared with human occupation patterns of interior Iberia and other paleoclimate indicators from central Spain and marine records. 
(A) Temporal placement of Upper Paleolithic and Middle Paleolithic occupations of interior Iberia (Wolf et al., 2018). (B) Timing of HS-1 to 
HS-6 (Heinrich Stadials) after Rasmussen et al. (2014), and timing of North Atlantic ice rafting events C-19 to C-24 after Chapman and Shack- 
leton (1999). (C) Age model of the upper Tagus loess record based on OSL dating results together with indication of sediment units. Mean ages 
are shown together with relative errors (for details, see Table 2). (D) Summary of results from heavy mineral analyses and 8'°C,., values. Each 
phase was classified according to moisture availability (arid-less arid) and temperature (very cold-less cold). (E) 5'°C values of the n-alkane 
:ompounds n-C,9 (red) and n-C31 (blue) from the Paraiso loess section (Schäfer et al., 2018); red dashed horizontal line marks the estimated 
limit for habitability of the interior of Iberia. (F) Palaeo surfaces (PS) linked to soil development. Designation of soil formation as an indication 
of higher humidity is based on micromorphological results and rock magnetic measurements. (G) Particle size index (PSI) (200-20 um/20-2 um) 
as an indication of wind strength. (H) Estimated loess deposition rates based on the thickness of loess units and mean OSL ages. Note that 
deposition rates are in line with the PSI curve. (I) Maximum extension stages of glaciers in the Spanish Central System (black vertical 
lines) with standard error given as blue bars (Dominguez-Villar et al., 2013). Ages based on a probability distribution function of 25 '°Be 
ages from nine different paleoglaciers. (J) Eagle Cave 8'30 record (purple line; Dominguez-Villar et al., 2013). (K) Heinrich Events 
(black boxes). (L) North Atlantic SST (thin blue line). (M) Pollen percentage of Mediterranean forest detected in the marine drilling cores 
MD95-2042 and SU81-18 (in green, Sänchez Goni et al., 2008. For location, see Figure 1). (N) 8180 record of the NGRIP ice core with 
numbers referring to Greenland stadials (Rasmussen et al., 2014). (For interpretation of references to color in this figure caption, the reader 
is referred to the web version of this article.) 
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attns'/Aanann cambridoe ora/carefterms https’ //idal ara/10 1017 /alıa 20720 11