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Full text: Seasonal variability, long-term distribution (2001–2014), and risk assessment of polar organic micropollutants in the Baltic Sea

Environ Sci Pollut Res 
£) Springer 
Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved. 
Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of the 
total sum of all detected 
micropollutants at most 
frequently measured stations from 
2001 to 2014. No sampling was 
carried out in the years 2003, 
2006, and 2008. In 2005, more 
than one sampling was done at the 
stations TF113 and PB1-3. Data: 
see Tab. S7 
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2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 
year 
concentrations [ng/L] 
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the Odra is the only significant freshwater input in this sam 
pling area, these higher concentrations can be explained. 
The Odra near station PB1-3 not only shows elevated con 
centrations but also distinct differences in its compound com 
position (Fig. 4). The input is high for the complex-forming 
agent BENZTRI and most pharmaceuticals (CARB, 
Diclofenac (DCF), and PRIMID, Fig. 4, Tab. SI, S7). 
Furthermore, high concentrations were detected for the herbi 
cides, ISO, 2,4-D, chlorotoluron (CHLO), MCPA, TERB, and 
less for DIU. Odra’s input at the station PB1-3 is in the low 
range of 0.002^1.5 ng/L for most PFASs, SIM, and CEIL 
compared to other stations. A special case is station KB2, as 
it seems as though DIU was detected at much higher concen 
trations than at any other station (Fig. 4). Flowever, KB2 was 
sampled only until 2005. Compounds like BENZTRI and 
CARB were not sampled until 2009 and thus were not mea 
sured at KB2. Despite that, the other stations display a similar 
composition pattern among each other, which indicates an 
evenly distribution of the compounds in the western Baltic 
Sea. Especially, ATR, 2,4-D, and CARB occur with low var 
iability between the stations (excluding KB2, PB1-3). 
By the detailed analysis of single cruises, it turns out that 
there are distinct spatial differences for some compounds be 
tween summer and winter surveys (Tab. S7, S8). The summer 
surveys were conducted, from 2001 to 2005 and the winter 
surveys from 2009 to 2014. Therefore, separate medians for 
summer and winter cruises were calculated, for the respective 
stations (Tab. S8). As can be seen in Fig. 5, during the winter 
cruises, the median concentrations for the most occurring 
compounds (PFOA, CARB, DIU, 2,4-D, SIM) are homoge 
nous from the west (KB2) to the east (TF152); only at station 
PB1-3, elevated concentrations were detected (Tab. S8). 
Some compounds like ATR, SIM, PFOA, PFOS-1, and 
CARB show a homogenous distribution during the summer 
10°0'0"E 
UWE 
12°0'0"E 
13°0'0"E 
14°0'0"E 
■ PFOA 
□ ATR 
m я pfos 
□ SIM 
□ BENZTRI 
□ cm 
V ï\ J HCARB 
■ MET 
^^ ■ DIU 
■ 2,4_D 
о 
-о 
un 
ю 
Ф 4В TF 109 
S 
10°0'0"E IfO'O'E 12°0'0"E 13WE 14°0'0"E 
Fig. 4 Composition (%) of the top 10 detected micropollutants at the most frequently sampled stations from 2001 to 2014. Data: see Tab. S7
	        
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