Adinrichs et al.
Lessons to be learned from the sensitivity analysis are that
the data set of BNSCatm is more stable in the period from 1960
onward and in the later 30-year climatologies than before 1960
and in the first climatology from 1951 to 1980.
Regular updates of the dataset and an extension of the
data set for wind speed and direction are planned for
the future.
BNSChydr
The BNSChydr data product presented here consists of
gridded 3D-fields in different temporal resolutions (monthly,
annual, decadal monthly) and different processing levels (box-
averages and horizontally interpolated fields). A comprehensive
description of the data used and the methods applied to create
the data product are followed by the results of a sensitivity
analysis, which estimates, on a regional basis, the sensitivity of the
temporal mean fields to the basis of the observational data. The
Belt Sea exhibits the highest fluctuation ranges in this respect, in
both temperature and salinity, whereas the central North Sea is
characterized by a low sensitivity in both parameters.
The comparison with other data products yields good
agreement in general, yet further investigations, which are
beyond the scope of this paper, are necessary.
In future, it is desirable to continue this work by implementing
further and future observations. Based on the entity of quality-
controlled observations of T und S, one can also think
of creating more aggregated data products with respect to,
for example, the ocean’s heat content, and stratification or
climate indices.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
ıH created the hydrographic part of the BNSC, carried out the
sensitivity analysis of both the BNSCatm and the BNSChydr,
compared the BNSChydr to other data sources, and wrote the
corresponding parts of the manuscript. IH is the lead author
of this manuscript. AJ-B has created the atmospheric part of
the BNSC climatology data set, carried out the analysis of the
results, the comparisons with ERA Interim and has therefore
written the description of the methodology, and the analysis of
the atmospheric part of the data set as well as the comparisons
with ERA Interim. AA provided the input data set from DWD
for the BNSCatm, participated in meetings for the planning and
discussion of the analysis of the climatology, and corrected the
manuscript. AG participated in meetings for the planning and
discussion of the analysis of the climatology and corrected the
manuscript. VG created the hydrographic part of the BNSC.
REFERENCES
Axell, L., and Liu, Y. (2016). Application of 3-D ensemble variational data
assimilation to a Baltic Sea reanalysis 1989-2013. Tellus A Dynamic Meteorol.
Oceanography 68:24220. doi: 10.3402/tellusa.v68.24220
Berrisford, P., Dee, D., Poli, P., Brugge, R., Fielding, K., Fuentes, M., et al. (2011).
The ERA-Interim Archive Version 2.0, ERA Report Series 1. Available online
at: http://www.ecmwf.int/en/elibrary/8174-era-interim- archive-version-20
Zrontiers in Earth Science | www.frontiersin.ora
Baltic and North Seas Climatology
CJ contributed to the analysis of the final product as well as
comparison to other products and the writing of the manuscript.
BK provided input data for BNSChydr, participated in meetings
for the planning and discussion of the analysis of the BNSC
data product. JM participated in meetings for the BNSC and
corrected the manuscript. RS created most of the predecessor
of the atmospheric part of the BNSC, ie., the KLIWAS North
Sea climatology, and revised this manuscript. BT participated in
meetings for the planning and discussion of the analysis of the
climatology and corrected the manuscript.
FUNDING
This work was partly funded by the Cluster of Excellence CliSAP
(EXC177) Universität Hamburg, funded through the German
Science Foundation (DFG). IH received funding for this work
{rom BSH.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank the Maritime Data Center
of the DWD for providing the atmospheric observational
data. The hydrographic observational data were obtained from
different data sources. Thanks, for providing marine in situ
data, to the World Ocean Data Center (WOD), the Deutsches
Ozeanografisches Datenzentrum, Germany (DOD), the Leibniz
[nstitute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Germany (IOW),
che International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the
Institute of Meteorology and Water Management — National
Zesearch Institute, Poland (IMGW-PIB), the Royal Netherlands
Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), the British Oceanographic
Data Centre (BODC), the University of Aarhus, and the
'nternational ARGO-Project (www.ifremer.fr). The authors
would like to thank Kerstin Jochumsen, Sabine Hüttl-Kabus,
Nils Schade, Hartmut Heinrich, (all BSH), Natacha Fery (DWD)
and Manfred Bersch (UHH) for support and useful discussions
zoncerning the work presented in this paper. Thanks to Detlef
Stammer for the support of this work. This work would not have
been possible without the wealth of scientific observations in the
North and Baltic Sea region. To take measurements at sea and
analyze the samples is often a stressful, yet important, work. The
authors are grateful to all the scientists and technicians that were
involved in sampling, analyzing and publishing the observational
data via the data centers. The authors would like to thank the two
reviewers for their valuable and detailed comments which helped
to improve the manuscript.
Bersch, M., Gouretski, V., Sadikni, R., and Hinrichs, I. (2013). KLIWAS North Sea
Climatology of Hydrographic Data (Version 1.0). World Data Center for Climate
(WDCC) at DKRZ. doi: 10.1594/WDCC/KNSC_hyd_v1.0
Bersch, M., Hinrichs, I., Gouretski, V., and Sadikni, R. (2016). Hydrographic
climatology of the North Sea and surrounding regions - version 2.0,
Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of
Hamburg. Available online at: https://icdc.cen.uni-hamburg.de/daten/ocean/
knsc-hydrographic.html
Jubh 2019 | Volume 7 1 Article 155
