High 
interreg 
Baltic Sea Region 
JROPEAN 
36I0MAL 
"VELÖPMENT 
AT. 
» Very heavy fouling. Diverse 
assemblages covering most of the hull 
surfaces. 
r” COMPLETE PLUS 
41-100 % of surfaces that 
have been submerged. 
Type of coating 
Biocides (Yes/No) 
2) Hazardous substances risk (HZR) 
Biocidal coatings release chemicals (i.e. copper and zinc) which harm organisms (regarding 
i.e. their fecundity, mortality and hormonal functions) and lead to an accumulation in the 
marine environment (i.e., water column. sediments) (Oliveira & Granhag 2020, 333). 
(based on Morriseyv et al. 2013. 43). 
Yes (biocidal 
coating) 
Soluble matrix/ablative 
Insoluble matrix/contact leaching/diffusion 
Self-polishing copolymer (SPC) 
No (biocide-free 
coating) 
Metallic 
Fouling release 
Mechanically resistant 
Polymers/ Pigments (Yes/No) 
3) Particles risk (PTR) 
Antifouling paint used on commercial vessels is one on the most relevant sources for the 
distribution of microplastics in ocean waters (Dibke et al. 2021, 2285). The paint fragmenting 
(Gaylarde et al. 2020, 1) has an ecotoxicological impact (Dibke et al. 2021, 2288). 
31}