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Appendices 
Live loads: 
Live loads are regulated in DIN EN 1991 [3], [4]. The values are to be applied to the rooms and 
corridors of an offshore station. Deviations are permissible in justified cases. 
The loads may be reduced in conformance with the standards in order to verify the load-trans 
ferring components. The most unfavourable load positions shall be taken into account here 
(effective load positions). 
Wind actions: 
Wind actions can be obtained from DIN EN 1991 [3], [4]. If expert opinions for the sites are 
consulted to ascertain the wind speeds and the variations which actually occur in the area 
being planned, a cycle of 50 years and a gust wind speed as a 3-second average shall be as 
sumed when evaluating or selecting the input values of the wind speed, in conformance with 
DIN EN 1991 [3], [4]. 
Actions caused by waves, water current, ice and temperature: 
Wave, water current and ice loads (sea ice as well as frost formation) and thermal actions de 
pend on the location. Thus, to determine the input data for the design, an assessor shall spe 
cify the site conditions for the expert opinion on the swell. 
When evaluating the site conditions in respect of the wave, water current and ice loads in par 
ticular, the cycles (50 years) shall be used for offshore stations, in line with the specifications 
in the offshore wind sector ([13], [14]). 
Water levels, especially minimum and maximum water levels, to determine the actions shall 
also form part of the expert opinion for the site. 
Miscellaneous actions: 
Actions, for example from impact and collision loads, lifting gear or other variable loads which 
are specific to the installation and operation of offshore stations, shall be specified by the buil 
der of the structure. 
Impact loads resulting from the impact of a ship or imperfections during the manufacture, in 
stallation and settling shall also be taken into account in the verification. They depend largely 
on the site. 
Further actions or special states arising from the scouring of the ground, marine growth or 
thickness reduction through corrosion of the structures shall be taken into account in an ap 
propriate way. Site-specific expert opinions may be required here. 
5-III.3 Combinations of actions and partial safety factor 
General procedure: 
The principles of action combinations and action-related partial safety factors when designing 
the operational structure of offshore stations (topside) are regulated in DIN EN 1990 [1], [2].