Abbreviations 
9 
FLS 
Fatigue Limit State 
FPGt 
Fachplaner für Geotechnik - Planning Expert for Geotechnics 
GDWS 
Generadirektion Wasserstraßen und Schifffahrt - Waterways and Shipping 
Directorate General 
GL 
Germanischer Lloyd 
GTE 
Geotechnics Expert 
HAZID 
Hazard Identification Study 
HAZOP 
Hazard and Operability Study (“PAAG” process: Forecast, cause 
localization, effect evaluation, reaction) 
HOAI 
Honorarordnung für Architekten und Ingenieure - German Code for 
Architects’ and Engineers’ Fees 
IEC 
International Electrotechnical Commission 
MW 
International Institute of Welding 
LAT 
Lowest astronomical tide 
NA 
National Annex 
NOT 
Non-destructive testing 
OM 
Operation Manual 
OS 
Offshore Standard 
OSS 
Offshore Substation 
OVC 
Offshore vehicle coordinator 
PEG (arch.) 
PPVO 
Planning Expert for Geostatics on behalf of the architect 
Landesverordnung für Prüfingenieurinnen und Prüfingenieure - Authorised 
Inspectors and inspection Engineers Ordinance 
QM 
Quality Management 
QA 
RECOFF 
Quality Assurance 
Recommendations for design of offshore wind turbines 
RNA 
Rotor/nacelle assembly 
RP 
Recommended Practice 
SCADA 
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition 
SeeAnlV 
Seeanlagenverordnung - Marine Facilities Ordinance (Regulation 
concerning offshore structures situated at the limit of the German territorial 
waters) 
SEL 
Sound exposure level 
SLS 
Serviceability Limit States 
SWE 
Special welding engineer 
WS 
Welding Specialist 
StUK 
Standarduntersuchungskonzept - Standards for Environmental Impact 
Assessments “Investigation of the impacts of offshore wind turbines on the 
maritime environment” by BSH