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U. MIAMI INT'L & COMP. L. REV. 
V. 23 
advance payment requirement is included in Article 6 of the 
PLR and is not covered by the insurances under Article 4bis 
of the PLR Annex I, which reflects the PAL 2002. Keeping in 
mind the potential number of passengers (and hence 
victims), the carrier of a cruise vessel with 4,000 passengers 
may face immediate claims in the range of 84 million SDR, 
which requires substantial liquidity, or additional 
insurances. The advance payment under the PLR, which is 
only the tip of the iceberg, essentially fulfills the same 
function as the compensation under DOHSA, thus indicating 
the benefit for potential victims associated with the 
European regulation, not only when compared to DOHSA, 
but also to the PAL 2002. 
III. The Passenger Liability Regulation 
A. Background 
While there is already a significant body of law 
concerning the rights of airline passengers, 40 until recently, 
the same could not be said with regard to ship passengers on 
the seas. 41 At the same time, the trend of supporting the 
implementation of more EU passenger legislation 
40 For examples of airline passenger rights in the EU, see Jens Karsten, 
Entwicklungen im EU-Passagierrecht 2011/2012 - Teil I, 7 Verbraucher 
und Recht 463, 465 (2012); Jens Karsten, Das Weißbuch zur Verkehrspolitik 
und die Konsolidierung des EU-Passagierrechts, 6 Verbraucher und Recht 
215, 216 (2011) [hereinafter Das Weißbuch], 
41 Das Weißbuch, supra note 40, at 218. The PLR and the PAL 2002 only 
apply to the transport of passengers on the seas, while the Athens II 
Regulation (Regulation (EU) No 1177/2010) apphes to the transport of 
passengers on rivers with the exception of simple river cruises and short 
tourist trips.