List of Figures 
299 
Figure 3-32: Accumulated areal ice volume on the German North Sea coast in the win 
ters of 2009/10 and 2010/11 131 
Figure 3-33: Ice conditions on the German North Sea coast in the winter of 2010/11 at 
the time of maximum ice development. 132 
Figure 3-34: Distribution of accumulated areal ice volume on the German North Sea 
coast since 1897 133 
Figure 3-35: Seasonal near-surface and -bottom salinity distributions in 2008 136 
Figure 3-36: Salinity stratification in summer 2008 (RVPelagia 293a) 137 
Figure 3-37: Seasonal near-surface and -bottom salinity distributions in 2009 138 
Figure 3-38: Salinity stratification in summer 2009 (RV Pelagia 311a) 139 
Figure 3-39: Seasonal near-surface and -bottom salinity distributions in 2010 140 
Figure 3-40: Salinity stratification in summer 2010 (RV Pelagia 323a) 141 
Figure 3-41 : Seasonal near-surface and -bottom salinity distributions in 2011 142 
Figure 3-42: Salinity stratification in summer 2011 (RV Celtic Explorer 11010a) 143 
Figure 3-43: Total salt content in 10 12 1 from 1999 to 2014. Broken line: Mean of refe 
rence period 2000-2010 (1.134 ±0.018 x 10 12 t) basing on summer cruise data. ... 144 
Figure 3-44: Annual runoff of Elbe River at Neu-Darchau weir with long-term mean 
(1971-2000) and 95 %-limits. 1 km 3 /a is equivalent to 31.7 m 3 /s. (Raw data courtesy 
WSA Lauenburg.) 145 
Figure 3-45: Left: Monthly mean and maximum runoff of Elbe River at the weir Neu- 
Darchau with 1971-2000 base period monthly means and 95%-band (climatology 
±1.96 standard deviations). Right: Seasonal cycles of monthly mean SSS at Hel 
goland Roads with monthly extremes, 1971-2000 base period monthly means and 
95%-band (climatology ±1.96 standard deviations) 146 
Marine Chemistry 
Figure 4-1: BSH-Observational network for nutrient and contaminant monitoring in the 
German Bight and North Sea 154 
Figure 4-2: Geographical distribution of salinity during November cruise 2010 156 
Figure 4-3: Statistic of salinities at individual stations during the monitoring cruises. .. 157 
Figure 4-4: Salinity concentrations at monitoring stations in the German Bight 157 
Figure 4-5: Particulate matter concentrations at monitoring stations in the German 
Bight. 159 
Figure 4-6: Eutrophication status in the German Bight and the German exclusive econo 
mic zone under OSPAR COMPP. PPG - Potential Problem Area, PG - Problem Area 
(BROCKMANN et al., 2007) 160 
Figure 4-7: Total nitrogen and phosphorus loads of Elbe. The data are based on measure 
ments of FGG Elbe 161 
Figure 4-8: Silicate load of Elbe. The data are based on measurements of FGG Elbe. . 162 
Figure 4-9: Temperatures in bottom sea water of the German Bight in February 2008, 
January 2009, 2010 and 2011 163 
Figure 4-10: Geographical distributions of salinity in bottom sea water of the German 
Bight in February 2008, January 2009, 2010 and 2011 163