298 
List of Figures 
Figure 3-11: Volume transport in 2008 through 2011 (BSHcmod) through the Kattegat; 
1Sv-10 6 m 3 /s 94 
Figure 3-12: Seasonal and annual frequencies of daily circulation patterns in the German 
Bight for 2008/2009 (left) and 2009/2010 (right) along with percentiles of empirical 
distributions for 2000-2009 (stacked columns). Percentile range minimum to maxi 
mum, internal interval limits at 10, 25, 50 (median, step-line), 75 and 90 % 99 
Figure 3-13: Seasonal geographical distributions of wave height, windsea and swell in 
2008; JFM - January, February, March etc. Departures in wave height from seaso 
nal means of the period 2000-2011 are depicted as isohypses (dm units). Numerals 
appearing on yellow background in the JFM frame identify the stations “Brent” (1), 
“Ekofisk” (2), “Euro-Platform” (3) and “Deutsche_Bucht” (4) 102 
Figure 3-14: As Figure 3-13, except for 2009 103 
Figure 3-17: Time series of annual means, 90th percentile and maxima at stations Euro, 
GB, Ekofisk and Brent. As to location, of. Figure 3-13. Printed values of Mean and 
P90 are averages over all years. Printed Max-value is the maximum value of all years. 
The 90 th percentile divides the waveheight distribution 9:1 107 
Figure 3-18: Monthly water levels at tide gauge Cuxhaven (red curve) 1918-2013 and 
smoothed curve (dark blue) as well as acceleration of the increase (light blue) calcu 
la ted from smoo thed curve 109 
Figure 3-19: Seasonal cycles for 2008 through 2011 of spatial mean weekly SST of 
the North Sea together with ensemble of corresponding cycles since 1969. Size of 
monthly climate bullets (radius) gives interannual standard deviation for base period 
1971-1993 116 
Figure 3-20: Monthly SST anomalies in 2008 as departures from the 1971-1993 cli 
matology. Contour interval is 0.5 K. Letter codes (upper right) refer to atmospheric 
circulation anomalies (Figure 2-11) 117 
Figure 3-21: As Figure 3-20, except for 2009 118 
Figure 3-22: As Figure 3-20, except for 2010 119 
Figure 3-23: As Figure 3-20, except for 2011 120 
Figure 3-24: Time series of annual (Dec. through Nov.) North Sea SST together with li 
near trend and regimes. Annual data blue if < 9.86 °C (base period mean 1971-1993), 
red otherwise. Right scale: standardized departures (<j - 0.46 K) 121 
Figure 3-25: Decadal mean of thermocline depth (left) and standard deviation right) ba 
sing on the BSH North Sea Summer Surveys 2000-2010 but without 2002 122 
Figure 3-26: Total heat content in 10 21 J from 1999 to 2014. Broken line: average of 
reference period 2000 to 2010 (1.631 ± 0.086 x 10 21 J) basing on summer cruise 
data 124 
Figure 3-27: Temperature stratification (°C) during summer 2008 (RV Pelagia 293a). . . 125 
Figure 3-28: Temperature stratification (°C) during summer 2009 (RV Pelagia 311a). . . 126 
Figure 3-29: Temperature stratification (°C) during summer 2010 (RVPelagia 323a). . . 127 
Figure 3-30: Temperature stratification (°C) during summer 2011 (RV Celtic Explorer 
11010a) 128 
Figure 3-31: Temperature time series at MARNET station German Bight in 3, 6, 10, 20 
and 30 m depth. The lower part of the diagram shows the temperature difference AT 
surface minus bottom. The broken lines give the climatological seasonal mini- and 
maximum for the surface layer according to JANSSEN et al. (1999) 129