298

List  of  Figures

Figure  3-11:  Volume  transport  in  2008  through  2011  (BSHcmod)  through  the  Kattegat;
1Sv-10 6 m 3 /s  94
Figure  3-12:  Seasonal  and  annual  frequencies  of  daily  circulation  patterns  in  the  German
Bight  for  2008/2009  (left)  and  2009/2010  (right)  along  with  percentiles  of  empirical
distributions  for  2000-2009  (stacked  columns).  Percentile  range  minimum  to  maximum, ­
  internal  interval  limits  at  10,  25,  50  (median,  step-line),  75  and  90  %  99
Figure  3-13:  Seasonal  geographical  distributions  of  wave  height,  windsea  and  swell  in
2008;  JFM  -  January,  February,  March  etc.  Departures  in  wave  height  from  seasonal ­
  means  of  the  period  2000-2011  are  depicted  as  isohypses  (dm  units).  Numerals
appearing  on  yellow  background  in  the  JFM  frame  identify  the  stations  “Brent”  (1),
“Ekofisk”  (2),  “Euro-Platform”  (3)  and  “Deutsche_Bucht”  (4)  102
Figure  3-14:  As  Figure  3-13,  except  for  2009  103
Figure  3-17:  Time  series  of  annual  means,  90th  percentile  and  maxima  at  stations  Euro,
GB,  Ekofisk  and  Brent.  As  to  location,  of.  Figure  3-13.  Printed  values  of  Mean  and
P90  are  averages  over  all  years.  Printed  Max-value  is  the  maximum  value  of  all  years.
The  90 th  percentile  divides  the  waveheight  distribution  9:1  107
Figure  3-18:  Monthly  water  levels  at  tide  gauge  Cuxhaven  (red  curve)  1918-2013  and
smoothed  curve  (dark  blue)  as  well  as  acceleration  of  the  increase  (light  blue)  calcula ­
  ted  from  smoo  thed  curve  109
Figure  3-19:  Seasonal  cycles  for  2008  through  2011  of  spatial  mean  weekly  SST  of
the  North  Sea  together  with  ensemble  of  corresponding  cycles  since  1969.  Size  of
monthly  climate  bullets  (radius)  gives  interannual  standard  deviation  for  base  period
1971-1993  116
Figure  3-20:  Monthly  SST  anomalies  in  2008  as  departures  from  the  1971-1993  climatology. ­
  Contour  interval  is  0.5  K.  Letter  codes  (upper  right)  refer  to  atmospheric
circulation  anomalies  (Figure  2-11)  117
Figure  3-21:  As  Figure  3-20,  except  for  2009  118
Figure  3-22:  As  Figure  3-20,  except  for  2010  119
Figure  3-23:  As  Figure  3-20,  except  for  2011  120
Figure  3-24:  Time  series  of  annual  (Dec.  through  Nov.)  North  Sea  SST  together  with  linear ­
  trend  and  regimes.  Annual  data  blue  if  <  9.86  °C  (base  period  mean  1971-1993),
red  otherwise.  Right  scale:  standardized  departures  (<j  -  0.46  K)  121
Figure  3-25:  Decadal  mean  of  thermocline  depth  (left)  and  standard  deviation  right)  basing ­
  on  the  BSH  North  Sea  Summer  Surveys  2000-2010  but  without  2002  122
Figure  3-26:  Total  heat  content  in  10 21  J  from  1999  to  2014.  Broken  line:  average  of
reference  period  2000  to  2010  (1.631  ±  0.086  x  10 21  J)  basing  on  summer  cruise
data  124
Figure  3-27:  Temperature  stratification  (°C)  during  summer  2008  (RV  Pelagia  293a).  .  .  125
Figure  3-28:  Temperature  stratification  (°C)  during  summer  2009  (RV  Pelagia  311a).  .  .  126
Figure  3-29:  Temperature  stratification  (°C)  during  summer  2010  (RVPelagia  323a).  .  .  127
Figure  3-30:  Temperature  stratification  (°C)  during  summer  2011  (RV  Celtic  Explorer
11010a)  128
Figure  3-31:  Temperature  time  series  at  MARNET  station  German  Bight  in  3,  6,  10,  20
and  30  m  depth.  The  lower  part  of  the  diagram  shows  the  temperature  difference  AT
surface  minus  bottom.  The  broken  lines  give  the  climatological  seasonal  mini-  and
maximum  for  the  surface  layer  according  to  JANSSEN  et  al.  (1999)  129