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List of Figures 
297 
Figure 2-19: Gale frequencies for 2007/08 (blue) and 2008/09 (red) along with empirical 
distributions for 1971-2000 (stacked columns). Percentile range Min to Max, internal 
interval limits at 10, 25, 50 (median, continuous stepline), 75 and 90% 75 
Figure 2-20: As Figure 2-19, except for 2009/10 and 2010/11 75 
Figure 2-21: Seasonal cycles of monthly averaged daily global radiation totals at Nor 
derney together with intramonthly extremes, 1971-2000 base period monthly means, 
and 95%-band (climatology ± 1.96 standard deviations). 1 kJcm~ 2 is equivalent to a 
radiation flux density of 116 Wmr 2 . Raw data: Deutscher Wetterdienst. 76 
Figure 2-22: Monthly near-surface air temperatures at Norderney with 1971-2000 base 
period means, and 95 %-band (climatology ± 1.96 std. deviations). Raw Data: Deut 
scher Wetterdienst. 77 
Figure 2-23: Seasonal cycles for 2008 through 2011 of areal mean monthly SST of the 
German Bight (area south of 55.5° N and east of 6.5° E) together with 1971-2000 
base period monthly means and 95%-band (climatology ± 1.96 std. devs.) 78 
Physical Oceanography 
Figure 3-1: Monthly surface circulation of the North Sea in the 1 st half-year 2008. Vector 
mean currents from “BSHcmod”. Stability (%, colored) is the ratio of vector mean 
current to mean magnitude 85 
Figure 3-2: Monthly surface circulation of the North Sea in the 2 nd half-year 2008. Vector 
mean currents from “BSHcmod”. Stability (%, colored) is the ratio of vector mean 
current to mean magnitude 86 
Figure 3-3: Monthly surface circulation of the North Sea in the 1 st half-year 2009. Vector 
mean currents from “BSHcmod”. Stability (%, colored) is the ratio of vector mean 
current to mean magnitude 87 
Figure 3-4: Monthly surface circulation of the North Sea in the 2 nd half-year 2009. Vector 
mean currents from “BSHcmod”. Stability (%, colored) is the ratio of vector mean 
current to mean magnitude 88 
Figure 3-5: Monthly surface circulation of the North Sea in the 1 st half-year 2010. Vector 
mean currents from “BSHcmod”. Stability (%, colored) is the ratio of vector mean 
current to mean magnitude 89 
Figure 3-6: Monthly surface circulation of the North Sea in the 2 nd half-year 2010. Vector 
mean currents from “BSHcmod”. Stability (%, colored) is the ratio of vector mean 
current to mean magnitude 90 
Figure 3-7: Monthly surface circulation of the North Sea in the 1 st half-year 2011. Vector 
mean currents from “BSHcmod”. Stability (%, colored) is the ratio of vector mean 
current to mean magnitude 91 
Figure 3-8: Monthly surface circulation of the North Sea in the 2 nd half-year 2011. Vector 
mean currents from “BSHcmod”. Stability (%, colored) is the ratio of vector mean 
current to mean magnitude 92 
Figure 3-9: Volume transport in 2008 through 2011 (BSHcmod) through Dover Strait; 1 
Sv = 10 6 m 3 /s 93 
Figure 3-10: Volume transport in 2008 through 2011 (BSHcmod) through a western 
boundary transect of the German Bight extending from 53° 15’ to 55° N along 6° 20’ 
E; 1 Sv = 10 6 m 3 /s 94