162 
Table 62: Overview of PCP concentrations in the environment. 
Sample 
Sampling 
location 
Sampling date 
Concentration 
[ng/L]/[pg/kg dry 
wt] 
Limit of 
detection 
[ng/L]/[pg/kg] 
Sea water 
North Sea; 
estuaries 
1983-1997 
6-100 a 
- 
Sea water 
German Bight 
1988 
0.1 -6.4 d 
Marine sediment 
North Sea; 
estuaries 
1991-1994 
26.5(max. value) 3 
<10 
River water 
Rhine 
1999 
30 b 
- 
River sediment 
Netherlands 
1980 
0.2-1.5 c 
0.1 
Data from: “(Eurochlor, 1997); b (RIWA, 2002); c (Wegman, 1983), d (HiihnerfuB et al., 1990) 
6.2.5 Trifluralin 
F 3 C 
no 2 
NO, 
(CHJ 2 -CH, 
(Cl“^) 2 CHg 
Figure 28: Structure of Trifluralin. 
Trifluralin (Figure 28) is a dinitroaniline derivative which is used as a selective 
herbicide. It has a low water solubility and a high affinity for soil. The substance is 
marketed under different trade names (e. g. TREFLAN (Trifluralin 480 g/L)) for pre 
sowing treatment of grasses and dicotyledonous weeds (Extoxnet Information on 
Trifluralin, 1996; Dow AgroScience, 2005). It was first registered in the US in 1963 
(Pesticide News, 2001). In the European Union, trifluralin is manufactured at a single 
production facility (Manerbio, northern Italy). The production volume is about 6000 t 
per year, and consumption in the European Union is 32001 (OSPAR Background 
Document on trifluralin, 2004). Trifluralin is subject to rapid photodegradation in air but 
is persistent in sediment. Under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions, several 
metabolites of trifluralin have been observed, which points to its degradability in the 
environment.