210 
U. MIAMI INT'L & COMP. L. REV. 
V. 23 
Furthermore, given the accession of Croatia to the EU in 
2013, 70 the number of intra-EU passenger transports is likely 
to increase significantly. Yet, the EU still has to develop a 
coherent ocean-related vision. The PLR is a noteworthy 
example of how Europe can lead in the search for new 
legislative developments. 
D. Consequences of the Entry into Force of the PAL 
2002 
In particular, due to the indirect benefits for 
passengers beyond the compensation aspects, the entry into 
force of the PAL 2002 in 2014 was welcomed. The PLR's 
Annex I is similar to but, as described earlier, not identical to 
the PAL 2002. As the PLR entered into force before the PAL 
2002, this led to particular consequences for those EU 
member states that had already ratified the PAL 2002, but 
that had already been required to implement the PLR more 
than than a year prior to the eventual entry into force of the 
PAL 2002. 
Essentially, the entry into force of the PAL 2002 in 
2014 equates to existence of two separate legal regimes. 
Those EU member states that have ratified the PAL 2002 are 
now bound by both the PLR and the PAL 2002. While the 
EU's aim may be the creation of a coherent legal system, the 
question needs to be asked whether the changes introduced 
by the EC may have made it more difficult to reach this goal 
http:/ / www.universalcargo.com/blog/bid/103915/ Is-Intemational- 
Shippmg-Retummg-to-Pre-Recession-Levels. 
70 Croatia in the European Union, European Commission (Feb. 13, 2015), 
http:/ / ec.europa.eu/ enlargement/ countries/ detailed-country- 
information/ Croatia/index_en.htm.